Astropedia - Mars THEMIS Controlled Mosaics and Final Smithed Kernels

Mars THEMIS Controlled Mosaics and Final Smithed Kernels

The objective of this work is to assemble and cartographically control Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS; Christensen et al. 2004) daytime infrared (IR) and nighttime IR images. In a cartographically controlled mosaic, individual images are registered to one another so that all feature boundaries align. This intermediate mosaic (a “semi-controlled” mosaic) is then registered to a known coordinate system (i.e., tied to ground) and is fully controlled. All needed adjustments are carefully documented, and that information is used to update the geometry information and the formal uncertainties of the position of each image are determined. This information is then used to generate smithed kernels. Controlled THEMIS mosaics benefit geologic mapping efforts (superior basemap), landed science operations (site characterization and traverse planning), and orbital observation planning (precision targeting). The control networks that result constitute a framework for precision cartographic control of existing and future higher spatial resolution data products, such as Context Camera (CTX) images, and allow the registration of historical data sets (e.g. Viking MDIM; Archinal et al., 2003; 2004) to be improved. In addition, the smithed kernels are valuable to scientists and allow them to perform quantitative analyses with THEMIS images using improved pointing knowledge as well as the precision and accuracy of that knowledge (Fergason et al., 2013; 2019).

A smithed kernel is a file that contains information used to determine observation geometry parameters for an image, and the geometry information is an improvement/correction of the reconstructed kernels. The kernel information is needed to convert from a raw image, such as an EDR or RDR, to a map-projected product. The current standard THEMIS image pointing kernel is based on the THEMIS ISIS3 camera model and is the default kernel used by the ISIS program “spiceinit.” The kernels derived from the THEMIS control network offer a significant improvement over the THEMIS camera model kernels. Although THEMIS band 9 (centered at a wavelength of 12.57 µm) was used to generate the control network, the improved pointing knowledge can be applied to all bands (using the ISIS program “spiceinit”) to achieve improved geometry information for any band.

References:

Archinal, B.A., et al., (2003), Mars Digital Image Model 2.1 control network, Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV, Houston, Texas, Abstract #1485.
Archinal, B.A., et al., (2004) A new Mars Digital Image Model (MDIM 2.1) control network, XXth ISPRS Congress, Istanbul, Turkey.
Christensen, P. R. , B.M. Jakosky, H.H. Kieffer, M.C. Malin, H.Y. McSween, Jr., K. Nealson, G.L. Mehall, S.H. Silverman, S. Ferry, M. Caplinger, and M. Ravine (2004), The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey mission, Space Sci. Rev., 110, 85-130.
Fergason, R. L., E. M. Lee, L. Weller (2013) THEMIS Geodetically Controlled Mosaics of Mars, 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX, Abstract #1642.
Fergason, R. L., L. Weller, B. Arcinal, K. Edmundson (2019) The THEMIS Controlled Mosaic of Mars and the Importance of Geodetically Controlled Data Sets, in preparation.

Mars THEMIS Controlled Mosaics and Final Smithed Kernels

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Aeolis 30S 135E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Amazonis 00N 180E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Arabia 000N 000E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Coprates 30S 270E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Elysium 00N 135E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Hellas 65S 060E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Iapygia 30S 45E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Lunae Palus 00N 270E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Mare Acidalium 30N 300E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Margaritifer Sinus 30S 315E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Noachis 65S 00E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Oxia Palus 00N 315E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Sinus Sabaeus 30S 00E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Syrtis Major 00N 45E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Aeolis 30S 135E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Amazonis 00N 180E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Coprates 30S 270E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Elysium 00N 135E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Iapygia 30S 45E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Lunae Palus 00N 270E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Mare Acidalium 30N 300E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Margaritifer Sinus 30S 315E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Noachis 65S 000E 100 mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Oxia Palus 00N3 15E 100mpp

Mars THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Sinus Sabaeus 30S 00E 100mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Amenthes 000N 090E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Arcadia 30N 240E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Argyre 65S 300E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Casius 30N 060E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Cebrenia 30N 120E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Diacria 30N 180E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Eridania 65S 120E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Ismenius 30N 00E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Mare Tyrrhenum 30S 090E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Memnonia 30S 180E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Phaethontis 65S 180E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Phoenicis Lacus 30S 225E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Tharsis 000N 225E 100 mpp

THEMIS Day IR Controlled Mosaic Thaumasia 65S 240E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Amenthes 000N 090E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Arabia 000N 000E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Arcadia 30N 240E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Argyre 65S 300E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Casius 30N 060E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Cebrenia 30N 120E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Diacria 30N 180E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Eridania 65S 120E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Hellas 65S 060E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Ismenius 30N 00E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Mare Tyrrhenum 30S 090E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Memnonia 30S 180E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Phaethontis 65S 180E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Phoenicis Lacus 30S 225E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Syrtis Major 00N 45E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Tharsis 000N 225E 100 mpp

THEMIS Night IR Controlled Mosaic Thaumasia 65S 240E 100 mpp

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